Fungal Infections and Colonization after Bilateral Lung Transplant: A Six-Year Single-Center Experience

Author:

Boscolo Annalisa123,Cattelan Annamaria4ORCID,Marinello Serena4,Medici Francesca1,Pettenon Giovanni1,Congedi Sabrina1,Sella Nicolò2ORCID,Presa Nicolò4,Pistollato Elisa1ORCID,Silvestrin Stefano3,Biscaro Martina1,Muraro Luisa2,Peralta Arianna2,Mazzitelli Maria4ORCID,Dell’Amore Andrea3,Rea Federico3,Navalesi Paolo12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy

2. Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy

3. Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35122 Padua, Italy

4. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy

Abstract

Fungal infections (FIs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality within the first year of lung transplant (LT) in LT recipients (LTRs). Their prompt identification and treatment are crucial for a favorable LTR outcome. The objectives of our study were to assess (i) the FI incidence and colonization during the first year after a bilateral LT, (ii) the risk factors associated with FI and colonization, and (iii) the differences in fungal incidence according to the different prophylactic strategies. All bilateral LTRs admitted to the intensive care unit of Padua University Hospital were retrospectively screened, excluding patients <18 years of age, those who had been re-transplanted, and those who had received ventilation and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before LT. Overall, 157 patients were included. A total of 13 (8%) patients developed FI, and 36 (23%) developed colonization, which was mostly due to Aspergillus spp. We did not identify independent risk factors for FI. Groups of patients receiving different prophylactic strategies reported a similar incidence of both FI and colonization. The incidence of FI and fungal colonization was 8% and 23%, respectively, with no differences between different antifungal prophylaxes or identified predisposing factors. Further studies with larger numbers are needed to confirm our results.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Plant Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics,Microbiology (medical)

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