Emerging Gene Therapy Approaches in the Management of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA): An Overview of Clinical Trials and Patent Landscape

Author:

Ponomarev Aleksei S.1,Chulpanova Daria S.1ORCID,Yanygina Lina M.1,Solovyeva Valeriya V.1ORCID,Rizvanov Albert A.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia

Abstract

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease that is characterized by progressive muscle atrophy (degeneration), including skeletal muscles in charge of the ability to move. SMA is caused by defects in the SMN1 gene (Survival of Motor Neuron 1) which encodes a protein crucial for the survival and functionality of neuron cells called motor neurons. Decreased level of functioning SMN protein leads to progressive degeneration of alpha-motor neurons performing muscular motility. Over the past decade, many strategies directed for SMN-level-restoration emerged, such as gene replacement therapy (GRT), CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing, usage of antisense oligonucleotides and small-molecule modulators, and all have been showing their perspectives in SMA therapy. In this review, modern SMA therapy strategies are described, making it a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians and everyone interested in the progress of therapy of this serious disorder.

Funder

KFU

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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