Faecal Volatile Organic Compound Analysis in De Novo Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Gas Chromatography–Ion Mobility Spectrometry: A Case–Control Study

Author:

Vermeer Eva123ORCID,Jagt Jasmijn Z.123ORCID,Stewart Trenton K.4ORCID,Covington James A.4ORCID,Struys Eduard A.5,de Jonge Robert5,de Boer Nanne K. H.26,de Meij Tim G. J.123

Affiliation:

1. Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

2. Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

3. Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

4. School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

5. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

6. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Abstract

The gut microbiota and its related metabolites differ between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and healthy controls. In this study, we compared faecal volatile organic compound (VOC) patterns of paediatric IBD patients and controls with gastrointestinal symptoms (CGIs). Additionally, we aimed to assess if baseline VOC profiles could predict treatment response in paediatric IBD patients. We collected faecal samples from a cohort of de novo therapy-naïve paediatric IBD patients and CGIs. VOCs were analysed using gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Response was defined as a combination of clinical response based on disease activity scores, without requiring treatment escalation. We included 109 paediatric IBD patients and 75 CGIs, aged 4 to 17 years. Faecal VOC profiles of paediatric IBD patients were distinguishable from those of CGIs (AUC ± 95% CI, p-values: 0.71 (0.64–0.79), <0.001). This discrimination was observed in both Crohn’s disease (CD) (0.75 (0.67–0.84), <0.001) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (0.67 (0.56–0.78), 0.01) patients. VOC profiles between CD and UC patients were not distinguishable (0.57 (0.45–0.69), 0.87). Baseline VOC profiles of responders did not differ from non-responders (0.70 (0.58–0.83), 0.1). In conclusion, faecal VOC profiles of paediatric IBD patients differ significantly from those of CGIs.

Funder

Dutch Digestive Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

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