Affiliation:
1. Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
2. College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, 04200 Kosice, Slovakia
4. Faculty of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstancow Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
Abstract
Despite studies focusing on soil substrates (carbon and nitrogen) and heavy metal availability, the impact of diversified parent materials in arid alkaline regions has received little attention. To reveal the influence of parent material, we investigated four different parent materials: fluvio-marine, Nile alluvial, lacustrine, and aeolian deposits. We assessed the effect of soil parent materials through selected soil physical and chemical properties, such as clay content, bulk density, pH, and available phosphorus (AP). The Tukey HSD test (SPSS ver. 23) was used to assess the soils derived from these different sediments. Using the R “glmulti” package, we examined this effect in a model of mixed-effects meta-regression. The sum of Akaike weights for models that contained each element was used to estimate the importance of each factor. The average contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N in alluvial deposits were greater (p < 0.001) than those of marine, aeolian, and lacustrine deposits. A multivariate analysis in arid regions revealed that parent material, soil pH, and the availability of P had the greatest effects on SOC concentration, whereas clay content, available P, soil pH, parent material, and bulk density had the greatest effects on soil total nitrogen. The average content of Fe in the aeolian deposits was greater (p < 0.001) than those of marine, alluvial, and lacustrine deposits, without any significant differences between the latter two deposits. We found that the highest average contents of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) were recorded in alluvial deposits, with significant differences between other deposits. Soil parent material was the major factor impacting soil iron (Fe) content, along with clay content and soil pH. However, soil bulk density was the most important factor controlling soil Zn and Mn contents, while SOC drove Cu content. This study will help in developing a more accurate model of the dynamics of soil substrates and availability of heavy metals by considering readily available variables, such as parent materials, soil pH, soil bulk density, and clay content.
Subject
Water Science and Technology,Aquatic Science,Geography, Planning and Development,Biochemistry
Reference90 articles.
1. The importance of parent material in soil classification: A review in a historical context;Wilson;Catena,2019
2. Effects of parent material weathering on chemical and mineralogical properties of selected Hapludults in the Virginia Piedmont;Wysocki;Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.,1988
3. Suther, B.E., Leigh, D.S., and West, L.T. (2021). Soil Chemistry and Clay Mineralogy of an Alluvial Chronosequence from the North Carolina Sandhills of the Upper Coastal Plain, USA. Soil Syst., 6.
4. Effects of different parent material on the mineral characteristics of soils in the arid region of Turkey;Irmak;Pak. J. Biol. Sci. PJBS,2007
5. Gray, J., and Murphy, B. (2002, January 14–21). Parent material and world soil distribution. Proceedings of the 17th World Congress of Soil Science, Bangkok, Thailand.