Enhancement of Macarpine Production in Eschscholzia Californica Suspension Cultures under Salicylic Acid Elicitation and Precursor Supplementation

Author:

Balažová Andrea,Urdová Júlia,Forman Vladimír,Mučaji PavelORCID

Abstract

Macarpine is a minor benzophenanthridine alkaloid with interesting biological activities, which is produced in only a few species of the Papaveraceae family, including Eschscholzia californica. Our present study was focused on the enhancement of macarpine production in E. californica suspension cultures using three elicitation models: salicylic acid (SA) (4; 6; 8 mg/L) elicitation, and simultaneous or sequential combinations of SA and L-tyrosine (1 mmol/L). Sanguinarine production was assessed along with macarpine formation in elicited suspension cultures. Alkaloid production was evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 h of elicitation. Among the tested elicitation models, the SA (4 mg/L), supported by L-tyrosine, stimulated sanguinarine and macarpine production the most efficiently. While sequential treatment led to a peak accumulation of sanguinarine at 24 h and macarpine at 48 h, simultaneous treatment resulted in maximum sanguinarine accumulation at 48 h and macarpine at 72 h. The effect of SA elicitation and precursor supplementation was evaluated also based on the gene expression of 4′-OMT, CYP719A2, and CYP719A3. The gene expression of investigated enzymes was increased at all used elicitation models and their changes correlated with sanguinarine but not macarpine accumulation.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science

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