Congruence of Effective Leadership Values between Nurse Leaders and Staff Nurses in a Multicultural Medical City in Saudi Arabia: A Sequential Mixed-Methods Study

Abstract

This study explores the perceived congruence of effective values of nursing leadership between the nurse leaders and the staff nurses in a multicultural tertiary hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive sequential mixed-methods study conducted in a multicultural medical city in Saudi Arabia. Purposive sampling was used in the qualitative phase, while stratified sampling was used for the quantitative part. There were 70 participants in the qualitative phase, including 33 nurse leaders and 37 staff nurses. The quantitative phase had 571 participants, including 105 nurse leaders and 466 staff nurses. Results: Congruent values were categorised into six emerging themes: (1) cascading deference; (2) paragon of probity; (3) professional competence; (4) compassionate presence; (5) team diversity and inclusion; (6) calibrated communication. The quantitative survey confirmed that the values identified from the interviews were considered to be vital by both nurse leaders and staff nurses, and there were no statistically significant differences between staff nurses’ and nurse leaders’ perceptions, regardless of their nationality, as demonstrated by one-way ANOVA, with p-values less than 0.05 deemed to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Both nurse leaders and staff nurses in the multicultural institution have congruent leadership values that are perceived as essential to achieve institutional goals and, ultimately, safe and high-quality patient care.