Post-Work Recovery from Fatigue and Sleep Episodes among Nurses Who Are Engaged in 16-Hour Night Shifts: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Poor recovery from fatigue among shift-working nurses can cause a transition from acute to chronic fatigue. We aimed to clarify the relationship between nurses’ recovery from fatigue and sleep episodes after 16 h night shifts while considering age. This prospective study included 62 nurses who worked 16 h night shifts. Fatigue was assessed by a questionnaire before, during, and after the night shift, and the morning following the night shift. Sleep episodes were continuously measured using a wearable device. We performed a hierarchical cluster analysis of multivariate sleep parameters in first and main sleep episodes after night shifts. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the difference between clusters in recovery from fatigue after the night shift, considering age. The participants were classified into a high sleep quality group (HSQG) and low sleep quality group (LSQG) in sleep episodes after the night shift. There was a significant main effect of clusters, and HSQG was significantly more effective than LSQG in recovering from fatigue. However, no main effects of age or interaction were observed. The quality of first and main sleep episodes at home was associated with recovery from the night shift to the next day, regardless of age.