Prevalence of Varicose Veins and Its Risk Factors among Nurses Working at King Khalid University Hospital Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

This quantitative observational cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence and level of risk scores for varicose veins among nurses, and the association between varicose veins and sociodemographic, occupational, and lifestyle risk factors. Using simple random sampling, from August–December 2022, 250 nurses from different departments at King Khalid University Hospital completed a validated self-administered questionnaire and underwent an observational physical examination. Most nurses (191) had low-risk scores for varicose veins, 46 nurses had moderate-risk scores, and 13 nurses had high-risk scores. From the outpatient clinics, 61.5% of nurses had significant high-risk scores for varicose veins. Those with a statistically significant association had a family history of varicose veins (p < 0.001) and other chronic medical conditions (p = 0.04). Physical activity, especially race-walking/running (p = 0.006), showed a statistically significant association with the varicose veins score. The years as a staff nurse were statistically significant among the occupational risk factors (p = 0.003). The adjusted multivariable regression model showed three significant predictors: a positive family history, running/walking, and total years as a staff nurse (p < 0.001, p = 0.02, and p < 0.001, respectively). Nurses working at outpatient clinics, positive family history, years as a staff nurse, and other chronic conditions are risk factors for varicose veins, while race-walking/running is a protective factor.