Perception of Women’s Knowledge of and Attitudes towards Cervical Cancer and Papanicolaou Smear Screenings: A Qualitative Study in South Africa

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common form of cancer worldwide. Consequently, it is crucial that women are encouraged to undergo interventions early via Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screenings to improve their health. In light of this, this study explored the knowledge of and attitudes towards cervical cancer and Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screenings among women in the Caleb Motshabi district, South Africa. Four focus group discussions were carried out among 19 women. The interviews/discussion were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and then analysed thematically. In this regard, seven main themes emerged that provided insight into the perceptions of the participants regarding their knowledge of and attitudes towards cervical cancer and Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screenings. While the majority of participants were aware of cervical cancer and Pap smears, they lacked more specific knowledge of what this cancer is or its related causes. Although some participants had had a Pap smear done, they neither knew how the procedure was done nor the reasons for it. In addition, most mentioned receiving information about this procedure from their peers rather than healthcare workers. Notably, those with previous experience indicated that they had regular screenings. Furthermore, they better understood exactly how it is done. The findings emphasised women’s limited knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap smears. It further highlighted the need for sustainable education programmes and mobile clinics to encourage an awareness of and accessibility to this particular type of screening within South African communities. Therefore, intervention strategies that make people aware of this specific cancer and encourage the uptake of Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screenings are crucial, as is the continued advocacy for sustained educational programmes and accessible healthcare services.