Quality of Life in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients and Care Burden of Caregivers in Sardinia during COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurogenerative disorder whose median survival ranges from 2 to 4 years after symptomatic onset. Therefore, the global Quality of Life (QoL) assessment in these patients should be carefully evaluated to guarantee an adequate care level, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic period, given the increased social isolation and the pressure on healthcare services. Caregiving has been recognized as an important source of physical and psychological burden, with a possible QoL impairment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the QoL of ALS patients and the burden of their caregivers across Sardinia, Italy. The ALS Specific QoL Instrument-Short Form (ALSSQOL-SF) and the Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI) tools were used to assess patient’s QoL and the burden on their caregivers, respectively. The questionnaires were supplemented with items specific for the COVID-19 period. Sixty-six family units of patients with advanced ALS were interviewed between June and August 2021 across Sardinia. Patients’ psychological and social well-being were found to significantly affect the patients’ QoL, regardless of their physical condition. In addition, the caregiver burden resulted as being inversely proportional to the patient’s perceived QoL. Lack of adequate psychological support was reported among the caregivers during the emergency period. Providing adequate psychological and social support might be useful to improve QoL in middle and late stages of ALS patients and to decrease caregivers’ perceived home care burden.