Pharmacological Modulation of Temporal Discounting: A Systematic Review

Author:

Sarmiento Luis Felipe1,Ríos-Flórez Jorge Alexander23ORCID,Paez-Ardila Hector Andres14,Lima de Sousa Pêssi Socorro1ORCID,Olivera-La Rosa Antonio56ORCID,Oliveira da Silva Anderson Manoel Herculano7,Gouveia Amauri1

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Federal University from Pará, Belém 66050-160, Brazil

2. Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil

3. Department of Psychology, Politécnico Grancolombiano University Institution, Medellín 745220, Colombia

4. Department of Psychology, Universidad Manuela Beltran, Bucaramanga 680004, Colombia

5. Department of Psychological and Social Sciences, Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Medellín 050034, Colombia

6. Human Evolution and Cognition Group, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain

7. Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Federal University from Pará, Belém 66050-160, Brazil

Abstract

Temporal discounting is a phenomenon where a reward loses its value as a function of time (e.g., a reward is more valuable immediately than when it delays in time). This is a type of intertemporal decision-making that has an association with impulsivity and self-control. Many pathologies exhibit higher discounting rates, meaning they discount more the values of rewards, such as addictive behaviors, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, social anxiety disorders, and major depressive disorder, among others; thus, many studies look for the mechanism and neuromodulators of these decisions. This systematic review aims to investigate the association between pharmacological administration and changes in temporal discounting. A search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Cochrane. We used the PICO strategy: healthy humans (P-Participants) that received a pharmacological administration (I-Intervention) and the absence of a pharmacological administration or placebo (C-Comparison) to analyze the relationship between the pharmacological administration and the temporal discounting (O-outcome). Nineteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The most important findings were the involvement of dopamine modulation in a U-shape for choosing the delayed outcome (metoclopradime, haloperidol, and amisulpride). Furthermore, administration of tolcapone and high doses of d-amphetamine produced a preference for the delayed option. There was a time-dependent hydrocortisone effect in the preference for the immediate reward. Thus, it can be concluded that dopamine is a crucial modulator for temporal discounting, especially the D2 receptor, and cortisol also has an important time-dependent role in this type of decision. One of the limitations of this systematic review is the heterogeneity of the drugs used to assess the effect of temporal discounting.

Funder

Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel—Brazil

PROPESP/UFPA

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Health Information Management,Health Informatics,Health Policy,Leadership and Management

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