Evaluating Parental Knowledge and Behaviors Regarding Developmental Toxicants in Jazan, Saudi Arabia Using the Prevention of Toxic Chemicals in the Environment for Children Tool (PRoTECT)

Abstract

This study evaluated the level of knowledge among parents in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, regarding substances that can harm child development. The Prevention of Toxic Chemicals in the Environment for Children Tool (PRoTECT) was used for this assessment. A cross-sectional survey using a multi-stage cluster random sampling approach was undertaken among 424 parents who were enlisted from eight primary healthcare centers (PHCCs). The PRoTECT score’s median value was 72 out of 90, suggesting a generally high level of awareness. The study found that individuals with higher education, particularly those with postgraduate degrees, had greater awareness of protecting their children’s health. Interestingly, unemployed individuals and those residing in mountainous areas also demonstrated higher awareness, possibly due to having more time to focus on their children’s health and well-being. Most participants (68.2%) acknowledged the correlation between exposure to toxic chemicals during pregnancy and early childhood, and the subsequent development of neurodevelopmental disorders. The study found a solid foundation of knowledge, with 85.1% of participants interested in learning more about reducing children’s exposure, but it also stressed the need for specific actions to turn awareness into prevention. These findings would help policymakers develop effective strategies, such as targeted educational campaigns, collaboration with healthcare providers, utilization of media channels, and encouragement of community-led initiatives, to reduce children’s exposure to developmental toxicants in line with national and global environmental health initiatives. Future research should focus on longitudinal consciousness and behavior evaluations and regional environmental contaminants.