Allelic Discrimination of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Controlled Study

Author:

Mohammed Amal Ahmed1,El-Matty Dina M. Abo2,Abdel-Azeem Rola2,Raafat Khaled3,Hussein Mona A.4,El-Ansary Amira R.5,Hafez Wael6ORCID,Hassan Hatem Ahmed7,Nassar Nourelhuda Ahmed8,Selim Nora Mahmoud9,Ghaith Doaa9,Kholy Amal A. El10ORCID,Abd El Salam Soha M.11,Anouti Fatme Al12ORCID,Wahba Alaa S.2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute (NHTMRI), Cairo 11796, Egypt

2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt

3. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo11566, Egypt

4. Department of Internal Medicine, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo 11562, Egypt

5. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12577, Egypt

6. Department of Internal Medicine, The National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt

7. Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt

8. Clinical Pathology Department, Elsahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo 11697, Egypt

9. Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt

10. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt

11. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez 43512, Egypt

12. Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates

Abstract

(1) Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the rapidly growing healthcare problems, and several vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms seem to modulate the risk of T2DM. Our research was designed to investigate the allelic discrimination of VDR polymorphisms and T2DM occurrence risk. (2) Methods: This case-control research included 156 patients with T2DM and 145 healthy control subjects. Most of the study population were males 56.6% vs. 62.8% in the case and control groups, respectively. Genotyping for VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs228570 (Fok1), rs7975232 (Apa1), and rs1544410 (Bsm1) was compared between both groups. (3) Results: There was a negative link between vitamin D levels and insulin sensitivity. A significant difference was noted in the allelic discrimination of VDR polymorphism rs228570 and rs1544410 between the study groups (p < 0.001). No difference was observed in the allelic discrimination of VDR polymorphism rs7975232 between the groups (p = 0.063). Moreover, T2DM patients had significantly higher levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, 2-h post-prandial blood sugar (PP), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), total cholesterol, and triglycerides (p < 0.001), while High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly decreased (p = 0.006). (4) Conclusions: VDR polymorphisms had a positive association with T2DM risk among the Egyptian population. Further large-scale research using deep sequencing of samples is strongly urged to investigate different vitamin D gene variants and interactions, as well as the influence of vitamin D on T2DM.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Health Information Management,Health Informatics,Health Policy,Leadership and Management

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