Mood and Metabolic Health Status of Elderly Osteoporotic Patients in Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Nationally Representative Sample

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the association between osteoporosis and comorbidity, which are very common in Korea, and develop a treatment strategy to improve bone health based on the findings of the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (KNHANES). This study was based on data obtained from 4060 subjects (1755 males, 2305 females) aged above 60 years in the KNHANES (2016–2017). Well-trained medical staff performed the standard procedures and measured several variables including height, weight, and waist circumference. Interviews and laboratory tests were based on the diagnosis of hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), osteoporosis, and depression. Comorbidities were defined as a self-reported physician diagnosis. The association of osteoporosis with depression and metabolic disease was assessed statistically using the complex sample analysis method of SPSS. The presence of osteoporosis, dyslipidemia, T2DM, hyperuricemia, obesity, abdominal obesity, and depression was 6.1 ± 0.5%, 15.2 ± 0.7%, 6.5 ± 0.4%, 13.4 ± 0.7%, 30.8 ± 0.8%, 19.4 ± 0.9%, 4.0 ± 0.2%, respectively. After adjusted by age, osteoporotic subjects were significance in the presence of abdominal obesity (p = 0.024, OR 0.80), hyperuricemia (p = 0.013, OR 0.68), dyslipidemia (p < 0.001, OR 1.84), and depression (p < 0.001, OR 2.56), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed dyslipidemia (female subjects, p < 0.001, OR 1.04; male subjects, p = 0.94, OR 1.09) and depression (female subjects, p < 0.001, OR 1.76; male subjects, p = 0.51, OR 0.62) were associated with osteoporotic female subjects but not in male subjects. The comorbidity of dyslipidemia and depression in female subjects was associated with osteoporosis and an odds ratio was 13.33 (95% CI: 8.58–20.71) (p < 0.001). The comorbidity of abdominal obesity (female subjects, p = 0.75, OR 0.97; male subjects, p = 0.94, OR 1.02) and hyperuricemia (female subjects, p = 0.27, OR 0.81; male subjects p = 0.07, OR 0.35) was not associated with osteoporosis in both Subgroup. The result of this study shows a strong dependency of comorbidity with dyslipidemia and depression in elderly women with osteoporosis. Therefore, efforts to improve dyslipidemia and depression might prevent compromised bone health.