Snack and Nutrient Intake Status of Top-Level Female University Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author:

Inaba Hiromi12ORCID,Hoshino Fumi12ORCID,Edama Mutsuaki13ORCID,Omori Go14

Affiliation:

1. Athlete Support Research Center, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan

2. Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan

3. Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan

4. Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan

Abstract

Ensuring proper energy, nutrient intake, and sleep is vital for athlete health and competitiveness. Despite previous studies investigating the nutrient intake among top-level collegiate female athletes in Japan, the status of snack consumption remains unclear. This study addressed this gap by surveying 70 top-level female university athletes. The survey included a self-administered diet history questionnaire, a qualitative food intake frequency survey, and a survey on snack and dietary supplement use. The results revealed a low frequency of snack intake (2.1 ± 2.3 days/week), with 55.7% of athletes reporting snack consumption. The energy intake in the snack-intake group was significantly higher than that in the without-snack-intake group (31.5 ± 10.0 vs. 26.6 ± 9.92 kcal/kg of BM, p = 0.047). Similarly, carbohydrate intake was significantly higher in the snack-intake group than in the without-snack-intake group (4.84 ± 1.71 vs. 3.96 ± 1.65 g/kg of BM/day, p = 0.035). However, neither group reached the recommended value of 5–8 g/kg of BM/day during the medium training period. Overall, this study emphasizes inadequate energy intake even among athletes with a high snack intake frequency, highlighting the necessity to enhance overall food consumption and underscoring the importance of nutritional education for incorporating appropriate complementary meals to improve performance.

Funder

Japan Sports Agency Female Athlete Support Project

Publisher

MDPI AG

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