Effect of Nanocellulose Types on Microporous Acrylic Acid/Sodium Alginate Super Absorbent Polymers

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of nanocellulose, i.e., cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), and also different drying methods (oven-drying and freeze-drying) on the properties of acrylic acid (AA)/sodium alginate (SA) super absorbent polymers (SAPs). In addition, the presence of ammonium per sulfate as an initiator and N-N methylene-bis-acrylamide as a cross-linker were considered. Synthesized SAPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The absorption and rheological properties (i.e., storage modulus and loss modulus) were also investigated. The results of FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated several types of interactions, such as hydrogen and esterification, between SA, AA and nanocellulose. SEM analysis revealed a microporous structure in the SAPs. All SAPs had a centrifuge retention capacity (CRC)/free swelling capacity (FSC) ≥ 69%. The absorption behavior showed that the oven-dried SAPs had superior (about 2×) CRC and FRC in different aqueous media compared to the freeze-dried counterparts. The freeze-dried SAPs showed increased rheological properties in comparison to the oven-dried ones, with SAPs containing BNC and CNC having the highest rheological properties, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that oven-dried SAPs containing CNC had better absorption properties than the other ones tested in this study.