Association of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity with Persistent Immune Activation in HIV/Tuberculosis Co-Infected Patients
Author:
Shete Ashwini1ORCID, Ghate Manisha1, Iwasaki-Hozumi Hiroko2ORCID, Patil Sandip1, Shidhaye Pallavi1ORCID, Matsuba Takashi3, Bai Gaowa24, Pharande Pratiksha1, Hattori Toshio25ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Indian Council of Medical Research—National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research (ICMR-NITVAR, Formerly National AIDS Research Institute), Pune 411026, India 2. Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi 716-0018, Japan 3. School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyushu University of Medical Sciences, Nobeoka 882-8508, Japan 4. College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China 5. The Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka City 420-0881, Japan
Abstract
We asked if SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in HIV/TB co-infected patients plays a role in precipitating active tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals and alters inflammatory status. A prospective study was conducted on HIV/TB co-infected patients presenting with pulmonary (n = 20) or extrapulmonary (n = 12) tuberculosis. Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG kits assessed the presence of anti-nucleoprotein antibodies. Inflammatory markers viz. osteopontin, total and full-length galectin-9, and C-reactive protein were tested at baseline and the end of antituberculosis treatment. The inflammatory score (INS) was assessed based on the percentage of reduction in the inflammatory markers’ levels at the end of the treatment. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in five male patients diagnosed with pulmonary (n = 2) and extrapulmonary (n = 3) TB. None of them reported symptomatic COVID-19. Inflammatory marker levels did not differ significantly at baseline compared to those in seronegative patients. However, the INS correlated negatively with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (r = −0.386, p = 0.039), indicating persistently raised inflammatory markers in these patients at the end of the treatment compared to seronegative individuals. Among the four markers studied, total galectin-9 levels failed to decrease significantly in these patients (p = 0.030). The majority of HIV/TB co-infected patients enrolled in our study (84.5%) were SARS-CoV-2-seronegative, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 infection might not have played a role in precipitating TB reactivation.
Funder
Japan International Cooperation Agency
Reference59 articles.
1. World Health Organization (2021). Global Tuerculosis Report 2021, World Health Organization. 2. Mee, P., Wagner, R.G., Gómez-Olivé, F.X., Kabudula, C., Kahn, K., Madhavan, S., Collinson, M., Byass, P., and Tollman, S.M. (2014). Changing use of traditional healthcare amongst those dying of HIV related disease and TB in rural South Africa from 2003–2011: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 14. 3. Suthar, A.B., Lawn, S.D., del Amo, J., Getahun, H., Dye, C., Sculier, D., Sterling, T.R., Chaisson, R.E., Williams, B.G., and Harries, A.D. (2012). Antiretroviral therapy for prevention of tuberculosis in adults with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med., 9. 4. Osei, E., Amu, H., Kye-Duodu, G., Kwabla, M.P., Danso, E., Binka, F.N., and Kim, S.Y. (2023). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Tuberculosis and HIV services in Ghana: An interrupted time series analysis. PLoS ONE, 18. 5. COVID-19’s Devastating Effect on Tuberculosis Care—A Path to Recovery;Pai;N. Engl. J. Med.,2022
|
|