Abstract
The transversus thoracis plane (TTP) block desensitizes the intercostal nerves that run through this plane, providing analgesia to the ventral thoracic wall. Two canine cadavers were used to assess the feasibility of the transverse approach for the TTP (t-TTP) under ultrasound guidance to inject a solution at the third and sixth intercostal spaces. Eight cadavers were used to compare the spread and number of intercostal nerves that were stained when a low volume (LV) 0.5 mL kg−1 or a high volume (HV) 1 mL kg−1 of a dye-lidocaine solution was injected into the same hemithorax, injecting the volume equally at these intercostal spaces using the transverse approach. Fisher’s exact test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to contrast the spread of the different volume solutions. The injectate spread along the TTP after all injections, dying a median number (range) of 3 (2–5) and 6 (5–6) nerves with LV and HV, respectively (p = 0.011). The two-point injection of HV, using the t-TTP approach, is a feasible technique that provides a consistent staining from T2 to T7 intercostal nerves. The injection of HV instead of LV increases the spread and enhances the number of stained intercostal nerves.
Subject
General Veterinary,Animal Science and Zoology
Reference35 articles.
1. Regional anesthesia for sternotomy and bypass—Beyond the epidural
2. Poststernotomy Pain: A Clinical Review
3. Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery (ERAS Cardiac) Recommendations: An Important First Step—But There Is Much Work to Be Done
4. Effects of intramuscular or interpleural administration of morphine and interpleural administration of bupivacaine on pulmonary function in dogs that have undergone median sternotomy;Dhokarikar;Am. J. Vet. Res.,1996
5. Pulmonary function in dogs after intercostal thoracotomy: Comparison of morphine, oxymorphone, and selective intercostal nerve block;Berg;Am. J. Vet. Res.,1986
Cited by
3 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献