Spatial Analysis of Mangrove Forest Management to Reduce Air Temperature and CO2 Emissions

Abstract

Surabaya is a coastal city that is still developing. Like other developing cities, Surabaya highly suppresses mangrove forests for residential, industrial, and other areas. Mangrove forests supply oxygen for the population of Surabaya. Forest mangroves reduce the effects of global warming and preserve sustainable coastal ecosystems. This research aimed to (1) map temperature changes in Surabaya over a period of 20 years (1996–2016) by using remote sensing and GIS, and (2) examine mangrove forests’ ability to absorb CO2 and decrease the impact of global warming in Surabaya. Research results showed that: (1) on the basis of the analysis of the temperature surface area, temperatures changed significantly between 1996 and 2016. Temperature changes can be classified into low, moderate, or high. The low-temperature area of 21–30 °C followed a different pattern. Each year, changes in the high-surface-temperature area were in the range of 31–42 °C. Changes highly increased in the period of 2006–2016. This indicates that Surabaya experienced a significant temperature increase in 2016. (2) There was correlation between the change in mangrove forest cover and the change in temperature; CO2 concentration in mangrove, vegetation, and water areas decreased as it grew in areas used for construction, such as factories, residences, and roads. CO2 concentration in Surabaya showed a distribution in the “high” and “extremely high” categories. The high category was 27.5%, and the extremely high category was 67.5%. The sample point in both the moderate and low category was around 25%.