Opto-Microfluidic Integration of the Bradford Protein Assay in Lithium Niobate Lab-on-a-Chip

Abstract

This paper deals with the quantification of proteins by implementing the Bradford protein assay method in a portable opto-microfluidic platform for protein concentrations lower than 1.4 mg/mL. Absorbance is measured by way of optical waveguides integrated to a cross-junction microfluidic circuit on a single lithium niobate substrate. A new protocol is proposed to perform the protein quantification based on the high correlation of the light absorbance at 595 nm, as commonly used in the Bradford method, with the one achieved at 633 nm with a cheap commercially available diode laser. This protocol demonstrates the possibility to quantify proteins by using nL volumes, 1000 times less than the standard technique such as paper-analytical devices. Moreover, it shows a limit of quantification of at least 0.12 mg/mL, which is four times lower than the last literature, as well as a better accuracy (98%). The protein quantification is obtained either by using one single microfluidic droplet as well by performing statistical analysis over ensembles of several thousands of droplets in less than 1 min. The proposed methodology presents the further advantage that the protein solutions can be reused for other investigations and the same pertains to the opto-microfluidic platform.