Distribution and Identification of Ulva aragoensis (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta), a Constituent Species of Green Tides in the Southern Yellow Sea, Based on Molecular Data

Author:

Tong Yichao,Xia Lihua,Liu JinlinORCID,Zhao Shuang,Sun Yuqing,Wu Tingjian,Xia Zhangyi,Li Shuang,Cao Jiaxing,Zhang JianhengORCID

Abstract

Green tides are a serious global ecological disaster; the largest occur in the Southern Yellow Sea (SYS). Early-stage green tides in the SYS are composed of four species (Ulva prolifera, Ulva flexuosa, Ulva linza, and Ulva compressa). We found that U. aragoensis is a constituent species of green tides in the SYS based on molecular data. Furthermore, this study re-evaluated the proportion of U. aragoensis in green tides and found that it was more prevalent in micro-propagules cultured from surface seawater during an early-stage green tide in 2021. The internal transcribed spacers, tufA, 18S, rbcL, large subunit, psbA, and rps2-trnL gene sequences were compared; the tufA and rbcL gene sequences were the most suitable DNA barcodes for distinguishing U. aragoensis. A haplotype analysis of the sequences of floating U. aragoensis and its micro-propagules was performed to study the correlation between green tide macroalgae and micro-propagules; close haplotype similarities occurred between them. This study further clarified the species composition of SYS green tides and provided a reference for assessing the relationship between micro-propagules and green tide macroalgae.

Funder

National Key R&D Program of China

Project of Prevention Strategies for Green Tides of Yellow Sea, M.N.R.

Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai

Project of Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Oceanography

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Ocean Engineering,Water Science and Technology,Civil and Structural Engineering

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