Mono-, Bi-, and Tri-Metallic DES Are Prepared from Nb, Zr, and Mo for n-Butane Selective Oxidation via VPO Catalyst

Author:

Faizan MuhammadORCID,Niazi Kifayat Ullah Khan,Nawaz Hasnain,Muhammad Niaz,Li Hao,Dai Fei,Zhang Ruirui,Liu Ruixia,Zhang Suojiang

Abstract

In recent work, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as ionic liquid analogues have been abundantly used in catalysis. Herein, vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts were synthesized from mono-, bi-, and tri- metallic DES of Nb, Zr, and Mo metal dopants as structure-directing agents and electronic promoters for n-butane selective oxidation towards maleic anhydride. Higher MA selectivity and larger n-butane conversion was successfully obtained using the newly developed catalysts, while oxidation by-product COx (CO, CO2) was minimized. Characterization techniques including FTIR, DSC, XRD, TEM, SEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, XPS, and NH3-TPD were employed to fully characterize the DESs, precursors and catalysts. This work led to an increase of 7.8% in MA mass yield with 16% more n-butane conversion as compared to an unpromoted VPO catalyst. Moreover, the utilization of a low-carbon alkane brought in a green impact on the chemical plant as well as the environment.

Funder

National Key Research and Development Program of China

National Nature Science Foundation of China

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Process Chemistry and Technology,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous),Bioengineering

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