Representation Learning for Detecting the Faults in a Wind Turbine Hydraulic Pitch System Using Deep Learning

Abstract

Wind turbine operators usually use data from a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system to monitor their conditions, but it is challenging to make decisions about maintenance based on hundreds of different parameters. Information is often hidden within measurements that operators are unaware of. Therefore, different feature extraction techniques are recommended. The pitch system is of particular importance, and operators are highly motivated to search for effective monitoring solutions. This study investigated different dimensionality reduction techniques for monitoring a hydraulic pitch system in wind turbines. These techniques include principal component analysis (PCA), kernel PCA and a deep autoencoder. Their effectiveness was evaluated based on the performance of a support vector machine classifier whose input space is the new extracted feature set. The developed methodology has been applied to data from a wind farm consisting of five 2.3 MW fixed-speed onshore wind turbines. The available dataset is composed of nine pitch events representing normal and faulty classes. The results indicate that the features extracted by the deep autoencoder are more informative than those extracted by PCA and kernel PCA. These features led to the achievement of a 95.5% F1-score, proving its superiority over the traditional usage of original features.