Right Ventricular Myocardial Involvement in Anderson–Fabry Disease at Diagnosis: Evaluation with Three-Dimensional Strain Imaging

Abstract

Background: Right ventricular (RV) involvement in Anderson–Fabry disease (AFD) is well known in the advanced stages of the disease RV hypertrophies, but little is known about the early involvement. The aim of our study was to assess RV function in AFD patients at diagnosis. Methods: A total of 23 AFD patients and 15 controls comparable for age and sex were recruited. A complete 2D standard echo with 3D volumetric and strain analysis of RV was performed. Results: Two patient populations, comparable for clinical baseline characteristics were considered. RV free wall thickness was significantly increased in the AFD group. No significant differences in standard RV indices (TAPSE, transverse diameter, tissue Doppler velocities of the lateral tricuspid annulus) were found. A 3D volumetric analysis showed reduced RV ejection fraction and lower values of longitudinal septal, free wall and global longitudinal strain (GLS) in AFD patients. RV free wall thickness significantly correlated with both free wall RV LS and RV GLS. In multiple linear regression analysis, RV free wall thickness was independently associated with RV GLS even after correction for age and heart rate. Conclusions: In AFD patients, 3D echocardiography allows for the identification of early subclinical functional impairment of RV. RV dysfunction is independently associated with RV hypertrophy.