Nutritional Risk and Sarcopenia Features in Patients with Crohn’s Disease: Relation to Body Composition, Physical Performance, Nutritional Questionnaires and Biomarkers

Author:

Papadimitriou Konstantinos1ORCID,Detopoulou Paraskevi2ORCID,Soufleris Konstantinos3,Voulgaridou Gavriela4,Tsoumana Despoina4,Ntopromireskou Panagiotis5,Giaginis Constantinos5ORCID,Chatziprodromidou Ioanna P.6ORCID,Spanoudaki Maria4,Papadopoulou Sousana K.4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Metropolitan College of Thessaloniki, University of East London, 546 24 Thessaloniki, Greece

2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, 115 26 Athens, Greece

3. Gastroenterology-Oncology Department, Theageneio Anticancer Hospital of Thessaloniki, 546 39 Thessaloniki, Greece

4. Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece

5. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 811 00 Myrina, Greece

6. Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece

Abstract

Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) face malnutrition risk, which, combined with inflammation, can lead to sarcopenia, associated with a worse prognosis. The purpose of the present study was to assess malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with CD. Fifty-three patients (26 women) participated (38.1 ± 10.9 years, 79% in remission). Body composition, physical performance, nutritional questionnaires, and biomarkers were performed. Malnutrition was screened with the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the Malnutrition Inflammation Risk Tool (MIRT) and was assessed with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) tool using etiologic along with three different phenotypic criteria: low Body Mass Index (BMI), low Calf Circumference (CC), and low Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI). To find cases and evaluate sarcopenia, the Sarcopenia Questionnaire (SARC-F) and European Working Group on Sarcopenia2 (EWGSOP2) criteria were used. Malnutrition rates were 11.3% (n = 6), 7.5% (n = 4), and 5.6% (n = 3) based on low FFMI, CC, and BMI, correspondingly. Four (7%) patients had low Hand-Grip Strength (HGS), n = 8 (14.8%) had low Appendicular Lean Mass (ALM), and n = 3 (5.6%) had low gait speed. No-one had sarcopenia. A high albumin and triceps skinfold pattern, identified by principal component analysis, was related to reduced C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels (B = −0.180, SE = 0.085, p = 0.045). In conclusion, based on the studied anthropometric, nutritional, and functional variables, CD patients were not diagnosed with sarcopenia in the present study. Body composition patterns were related to the inflammatory burden, underlying the interplay of inflammation and malnutrition, even in remission states. Further studies on older populations and during disease exacerbation are necessary to explore the potential link between CD, inflammation, and sarcopenia.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics

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