The Impact of RSV Hospitalization on Children’s Quality of Life

Abstract

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most frequent etiological factors of lower respiratory tract infections in children, potentially affecting patients’ quality of life (QoL). We aimed to asses QoL in children under 2 years of age hospitalized due to laboratory-confirmed RSV infection. Methods: A QoL was assessed by parents/tutors with the use of the 100-point visual analog scale and compared against a disease-free period. We evaluated the median utility, QoL loss (reported in days), and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) loss in relation to RSV hospitalization. Results: We included 132 patients aged from 17 days to 24 months (median 3.8 months). The mean utility during the hospitalization varied between 0.418 and 0.952, with a median of 0.679 (95%CI: 0.6–0.757) and median loss of 0.321 [0.243–0.4], which further translated into a loss of 2.2 days (95%CI: 1.6–3.1). The QALY loss varied between 0.526 × 10−3 and 24.658 × 10−3, with a median of 6.03 × 10−3 (95%CI: 4.38–8.48 × 10−3). Based upon the final diagnoses, the highest QALY loss was 6.99 × 10−3 (95%CI: 5.29–13.7 × 10−3) for pneumonia, followed by bronchiolitis—5.96 × 10−3 (4.25–8.41 × 10−3) and bronchitis—4.92 × 10−3 (2.93–6.03 × 10−3); significant differences were observed only between bronchitis and pneumonia (p = 0.0171); the QALY loss was not age-dependent. Although an increasing tendency in the utility score was observed, a strong cumulative effect related to the length of stay was noted until day 13. Conclusions: RSV contributes significantly to the utility deterioration and QALY loss in the case of RSV hospitalization, and the patient-reported data should be used in pharmacoeconomic assessments of the impact of RSV.