A Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) FLOWERING LOCUS C-like Gene, CsFLC1, Is Correlated to Bud Dormancy and Triggers Early Flowering in Arabidopsis

Author:

Liu Ying,Dreni Ludovico,Zhang Haojie,Zhang XinzhongORCID,Li Nana,Zhang Kexin,Di Taimei,Wang Lu,Yang Yajun,Hao Xinyuan,Wang XinchaoORCID

Abstract

Flowering and bud dormancy are crucial stages in the life cycle of perennial angiosperms in temperate climates. MADS-box family genes are involved in many plant growth and development processes. Here, we identified three MADS-box genes in tea plant belonging to the FLOWERING LOCUS C (CsFLC) family. We monitored CsFLC1 transcription throughout the year and found that CsFLC1 was expressed at a higher level during the winter bud dormancy and flowering phases. To clarify the function of CsFLC1, we developed transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants heterologously expressing 35S::CsFLC1. These lines bolted and bloomed earlier than the WT (Col-0), and the seed germination rate was inversely proportional to the increased CsFLC1 expression level. The RNA-seq of 35S::CsFLC1 transgenic Arabidopsis showed that many genes responding to ageing, flower development and leaf senescence were affected, and phytohormone-related pathways were especially enriched. According to the results of hormone content detection and RNA transcript level analysis, CsFLC1 controls flowering time possibly by regulating SOC1, AGL42, SEP3 and AP3 and hormone signaling, accumulation and metabolism. This is the first time a study has identified FLC-like genes and characterized CsFLC1 in tea plant. Our results suggest that CsFLC1 might play dual roles in flowering and winter bud dormancy and provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of FLC in tea plants as well as other plant species.

Funder

National Key Research and Development Program of China

Major Science and Technology Special Project of Variety Breeding of Zhejiang Province

Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund

China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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