Metabolic Signatures: Pioneering the Frontier of Rectal Cancer Diagnosis and Response to Neoadjuvant Treatment with Biomarkers—A Systematic Review

Author:

Ciocan Răzvan1,Ciocan Andra23ORCID,Mihăileanu Florin2,Ursu Cristina-Paula2ORCID,Ursu Ștefan2ORCID,Bodea Cătălin2ORCID,Cordoș Ariana-Anamaria4ORCID,Chiș Bogdan5,Al Hajjar Nadim23,Dîrzu Noemi6ORCID,Dîrzu Dan-Sebastian78ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Surgery-Practical Abilities, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

2. Department of Surgery, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

3. “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

4. Romanian Society of Medical Informatics, 300041 Timisoara, Romania

5. Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

6. Clinical Laboratory Department, Transilvania Hospital, 400486 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

7. Emergency County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

8. STAR—UBB Institute, Babeș Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most aggressive, heterogenous, and fatal types of human cancer for which screening, and more effective therapeutic drugs are urgently needed. Early-stage detection and treatment greatly improve the 5-year survival rate. In the era of targeted therapies for all types of cancer, a complete metabolomic profile is mandatory before neoadjuvant therapy to assign the correct drugs and check the response to the treatment given. The aim of this study is to discover specific metabolic biomarkers or a sequence of metabolomic indicators that possess precise diagnostic capabilities in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy. After searching the keywords, a total of 108 articles were identified during a timeframe of 10 years (2013–2023). Within this set, one article was excluded due to the use of non-English language. Six scientific papers were qualified for this investigation after eliminating all duplicates, publications not referring to the subject matter, open access restriction papers, and those not applicable to humans. Biomolecular analysis found a correlation between metabolomic analysis of colorectal cancer samples and poor progression-free survival rates. Biomarkers are instrumental in predicting a patient’s response to specific treatments, guiding the selection of targeted therapies, and indicating resistance to certain drugs.

Funder

European Union—NextGenerationEU and Romanian Government

Publisher

MDPI AG

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