Development of a Quantitative Digital Urinalysis Tool for Detection of Nitrite, Protein, Creatinine, and pH
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Published:2024-01-30
Issue:2
Volume:14
Page:70
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ISSN:2079-6374
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Container-title:Biosensors
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Biosensors
Author:
Siu Vince S.1, Lu Minhua1, Hsieh Kuan Yu123ORCID, Wen Bo1ORCID, Buleje Italo1, Hinds Nigel1, Patel Krishna1, Dang Bing1, Budd Russell1
Affiliation:
1. IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA 2. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan 3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
Abstract
This paper presents a cost-effective, quantitative, point-of-care solution for urinalysis screening, specifically targeting nitrite, protein, creatinine, and pH in urine samples. Detecting nitrite is crucial for the early identification of urinary tract infections (UTIs), while regularly measuring urinary protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratios aids in managing kidney health. To address these needs, we developed a portable, transmission-based colorimeter using readily available components, controllable via a smartphone application through Bluetooth. Multiple colorimetric detection strategies for each analyte were identified and tested for sensitivity, specificity, and stability in a salt buffer, artificial urine, and human urine. The colorimeter successfully detected all analytes within their clinically relevant ranges: nitrite (6.25–200 µM), protein (2–1024 mg/dL), creatinine (2–1024 mg/dL), and pH (5.0–8.0). The introduction of quantitative protein and creatinine detection, and a calculated urinary protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratio at the point-of-care, represents a significant advancement, allowing patients with proteinuria to monitor their condition without frequent lab visits. Furthermore, the colorimeter provides versatile data storage options, facilitating local storage on mobile devices or in the cloud. The paper further details the setup of the colorimeter’s secure connection to a cloud-based environment, and the visualization of time-series analyte measurements in a web-based dashboard.
Funder
IBM Research Healthcare and Life Sciences and Accelerated Discovery departments
Subject
Clinical Biochemistry,General Medicine,Analytical Chemistry,Biotechnology,Instrumentation,Biomedical Engineering,Engineering (miscellaneous)
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