Ultrasonographic Renal Subcapsular Thickening in Cats with Primary and Metastatic Carcinoma

Abstract

Ultrasonographic subcapsular thickening caused by renal neoplasia other than lymphoma has been previously reported in cats; however, detailed information is lacking. This study aims to describe ultrasonographic findings in renal subcapsular thickening and renal parenchyma in cats diagnosed or presumed with primary and metastatic carcinoma in the kidney. Ultrasound reports were retrospectively searched from 3 veterinary hospitals and 6 cats with 9 affected kidneys were included. Renal lesions were confirmed either cytologically or histopathologically as primary renal carcinoma with metastasis in the contralateral kidney (in 1 case), or metastatic pulmonary carcinoma (in 3 cases). Two patients were cytologically diagnosed with pulmonary carcinoma with concurrent renal subcapsular thickening. Eight kidneys affected by metastatic carcinomas showed relatively thin, focal, and homogeneously hypoechoic subcapsular thickening while a single kidney affected by primary renal carcinoma showed markedly thick, circumferential, and heterogeneously mixed iso- to hypoechoic lesion. The renal parenchyma, especially when just beneath the subcapsular lesion, exhibited at least one abnormality in all affected kidneys, most characterized by hyperechoic renal cortex with concurrent hypoechoic striations. This is the first report describing metastatic carcinoma causing renal ultrasonographic subcapsular thickening in cats. Our results suggest that renal carcinoma should be included in differential diagnoses when ultrasonographic subcapsular thickening is present in cats.