Prevention of Adhesions after Bone Fracture Using a Carboxymethylcellulose and Polyethylene Oxide Composite Gel in Dogs

Author:

Sideri Aikaterini I.1ORCID,Pappa Elena I.1ORCID,Skampardonis Vassilis2ORCID,Barbagianni Mariana1ORCID,Georgiou Stefanos G.1ORCID,Psalla Dimitra3,Marouda Christina3ORCID,Prassinos Nikitas N.3,Galatos Apostolos D.1ORCID,Gouletsou Pagona G.4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Clinic of Surgery, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, GR 43100 Karditsa, Greece

2. Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Animal Health Economics, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, GR 43100 Karditsa, Greece

3. School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stavrou Voutira 11, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece

4. Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, GR 43100 Karditsa, Greece

Abstract

The formation of adhesions is a common complication following traumatic injuries and surgical procedures, often resulting in pain, stiffness, and loss of function. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of using a composite material comprising of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and calcium chloride, for preventing adhesions between muscle and bone during the healing stage, as well as its effect on the bone healing process. Ten healthy purpose-bred laboratory Beagle dogs were randomly subjected to two consecutive operations with a 6-month interval, alternating between left and right forelimbs. On the left forelimb an osteotomy at the ulna was performed, while on the right forelimb the same procedure was supplemented by the application of the anti-adhesion agent in the osteotomy site prior to closure. Clinical, diagnostic imaging, macroscopic, and histological evaluations were performed at various time points. The results showed no significant differences in surgical site perimeter (p = 0.558), lameness (p = 0.227), and radiographic bone healing (p = 0.379) between the two groups. However, the macroscopic (p = 0.006) and histological assessments revealed significantly lower adhesion scores (p = 0.0049) and better healing (p = 0.0102) in the group that received the anti-adhesion agent. These findings suggest that the CMC/PEO composite material is a safe and potentially effective intervention for preventing post-traumatic and post-surgical adhesions in canine patients without compromising bone healing. Further research is warranted to fully characterize the clinical benefits of this approach.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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