Effect of Fibre Orientation and Hostile Solutions on Stress Relaxation of Glass/Polyamide Composites

Abstract

Polyamide creates high-performance composite materials, which are replacing the traditional epoxy composites in several applications. In this context, exposure to hostile environments is expected. On the other hand, due to the viscoelastic nature of the matrix, these composite materials are prone to stress relaxation. Therefore, the stress relaxation behaviour of glass/polyamide 6 composites was studied considering different fibre directions, as well as exposure to NaOH and HCl solutions. Stress relaxation tests on the bending mode were carried out, and the stress recorded during the loading time (7200 s). All tests were characterized by a stress decrease over time, but laminates with higher fibre angles were more prone to stress relaxation. However, exposure to hostile solutions promoted more significant decreases, where the highest stress relaxation was achieved for alkaline environments with values that were three times higher for laminates with fibres at 0° and around one and half times higher for 45° fibre alignments when compared with the control samples. Finally, the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) model showed that it can be used to predict stress relaxation time, due to the accuracy that was obtained between the experimental and theoretical results.