AlCl3-NaCl-ZnCl2 Secondary Electrolyte in Next-Generation ZEBRA (Na-ZnCl2) Battery

Author:

Kumar Sumit1ORCID,Ding Wenjin1ORCID,Hoffmann Ralf1,Sieuw Louis2,Heinz Meike V. F.2ORCID,Weber Norbert3,Bonk Alexander1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

2. Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland

3. Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany

Abstract

Increasing demand to store intermittent renewable electricity from, e.g., photovoltaic and wind energy, has led to much research and development in large-scale stationary energy storage, for example, ZEBRA batteries (Na-NiCl2 solid electrolyte batteries). Replacing Ni with abundant and low-cost Zn makes the ZEBRA battery more cost-effective. However, few studies were performed on this next-generation ZEBRA (Na-ZnCl2) battery system, particularly on its AlCl3-NaCl-ZnCl2 secondary electrolyte. Its properties such as phase diagrams and vapor pressures are vital for the cell design and optimization. In our previous work, a simulation-assisted method for molten salt electrolyte selection has shown its successful application in development of molten salt batteries. The same method is used here to in-depth study the AlCl3-NaCl-ZnCl2 salt electrolyte in terms of its phase diagrams and vapor pressures via FactSageTM and thermo-analytical techniques (Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and OptiMeltTM), and their effects on battery performance such as operation safety and charging/discharging reaction mechanism. The DSC and OptiMelt results show that the experimental data such as melting temperatures and phase changes agree well with the simulated phase diagrams. Moreover, the FactSageTM simulation shows that the salt vapor pressure increases significantly with increasing temperature and molar fraction of AlCl3. The obtained phase diagrams and vapor pressures will be used in the secondary electrolyte selection, cell design and battery operation.

Funder

European Commission

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Electrochemistry,Energy Engineering and Power Technology

Reference24 articles.

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