Review of Flame Behavior and Its Suppression during Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Author:

Mao Yikai12,Chen Yin12,Chen Mingyi12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

2. School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are extensively utilized in electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage systems, and related fields due to their superior performance and high energy density. However, battery-related incidents, particularly fires, are increasingly common. This paper aims to first summarize the flame behavior of LIBs and then thoroughly examine the factors influencing this behavior. Based on these factors, methods for suppressing LIB flames are identified. The factors affecting flame behavior are categorized into two groups: internal and external. The paper then reviews the flame behavior within battery modules, particularly in confined spaces, from both experimental and simulation perspectives. Furthermore, methods for suppressing battery flames are classified into active and passive techniques, allowing for a more comprehensive analysis of their effectiveness. The paper concludes with a summary and outlook, offering new insights for future research and contributing to the development of safer and more efficient battery systems.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

MDPI AG

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