Diffusion-Equation-Based Electrical Modeling for High-Power Lithium Titanium Oxide Batteries

Author:

Chen Haoze1ORCID,Zhang Weige1,Zhang Caiping1,Sun Bingxiang1ORCID,Yang Sijia1ORCID,Chen Dinghong1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center (NANTEC), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China

Abstract

Lithium titanium oxide (LTO) batteries offer superior performance compared to graphite-based anodes in terms of rapid charge/discharge capability and chemical stability, making them promising candidates for fast-charging and power-assist vehicle applications. However, commonly used battery models often struggle to accurately describe the current–voltage characteristics of LTO batteries, particularly before the charge/discharge cutoff conditions. In this work, a novel electrical model based on the solid-phase diffusion equation is proposed to capture the unique electrochemical phenomena arising from the diffusion mismatch between the positive and negative electrodes in high-power LTO batteries. The robustness of the proposed model is evaluated under various loading conditions, including constant current and dynamic current tests, and the results are compared against experimental data. The experimental results for LTO batteries exhibit remarkable alignment with the model estimation, demonstrating a maximum voltage error below 3%.

Funder

National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China

Science and Technology Research and Development Plan Project of China National Railway Group

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

MDPI AG

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