Oral Health Status in Older People with Dementia: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Dementia is characterized by a range of cognitive defects with impaired activities of daily living that have implications for patient oral health. Objectives. A case-control study was made of the impact of dementia upon oral health. A total of 152 patients were included: 69 with dementia and 83 controls from the region of Murcia (Spain). The Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) was used to classify the patients and an oral exploration was carried out. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using regression models. The patients with more severe disease were significantly more likely to have fewer natural teeth (OR 11.00, 95%CI 1.28–23.22; p = 0.001), a higher plaque index (p = 0.001), and a greater bleeding index (p = 0.001) than the control group. These findings suggest that older adults with dementia have deficient oral health. A higher bleeding index increases the risk of deterioration of cognitive function. The oral hygiene and health of older people with dementia need to be improved.