Beyond the Walls: Patterns of Child Labour, Forced Labour, and Exploitation in a New Domestic Workers Dataset

Author:

Trodd Zoe1,Waite Catherine2ORCID,Goulding James3,Boyd Doreen S.4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Rights Lab and School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK

2. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK

3. Rights Lab and Business School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK

4. Rights Lab and School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK

Abstract

The new Domestic Workers Dataset is the largest single set of surveys (n = 11,759) of domestic workers to date. Our analysis of this dataset reveals features about the lives and work of this “hard-to-find” population in India—a country estimated to have the largest number of people living in forms of contemporary slavery (11 million). The data allow us to identify child labour, indicators of forced labour, and patterns of exploitation—including labour paid below the minimum wage—using bivariate analysis, factor analysis, and spatial analysis. The dataset also helps to advance our understanding of how to measure labour exploitation and modern slavery by showing the value of “found data” and participatory and citizen science approaches.

Funder

Arise Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference63 articles.

1. International Labour Organization (2021). Making Decent Work a Reality for Domestic Workers: Progress and Prospects Ten Years after the Adoption of the Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189), International Labour Office.

2. International Labour Organization (2013). Domestic Workers Across the World: Global and Regional Statistics and the Extent of Legal Protection, International Labour Office.

3. International Labour Organization, and UNICEF (2021). Child Labour: Global Estimates 2020, International Labour Office.

4. International Labour Organization, Walk Free, and International Organization for Migration (2022). Global Estimates of Modern Slavery: Forced Labour and Forced Marriage, International Labour Office.

5. Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO) (2020). Informal Workers in India: A Statistical Profile, Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WEIGO).

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