1. Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Wynne Jones Building, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
2. Department of Engineering and Technology, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
3. College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
4. Research Department, Perryman Company, Houston, PA 15342, USA