Leaf Removal Impacted Jasmonic Acid Metabolism and AsA-GSH in the Roots of Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. under Suboptimal Low Root-Zone Temperatures

Abstract

In the early growing season in northern China, suboptimal low root-zone temperatures is a common abiotic stress that impairs root function and leaf development in fruit trees. In this study, we investigate the physiological role of leaves in jasmonate metabolism and the capacity of scavenging reactive oxygen species in Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. roots under suboptimal low root-zone temperatures. In the presence of intact leaves, suboptimal low root-zone temperatures significantly increased allene oxide synthase (AOS), jasmonate-resistant 1 (JAR), and jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (JMT) activities and transcription in jasmonate biosynthesis. Meanwhile, elevated endogenous jasmonic acid (JA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and jasmonate-isoleucine (JA-Ile) contents were also observed, as were significantly decreased glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities and AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios. Conversely, leaf removal substantially reduced AOS, JMT, and JAR activities and transcription at most time points and JA (6–24 h), MeJA (1–24 h), and JA-Ile (1–24 h) levels in roots, affecting key enzymes in the AsA–GSH cycle and the AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios in response to low-temperature treatment, as a result of a significant increase in malondialdehyde content. Thus, leaves are crucial for jasmonate metabolism in roots under suboptimal low root-zone temperatures, with leaf removal exacerbating root oxidative stress by altering JA signaling and AsA–GSH cycle activity.