Analysis of Floral Fragrance Components in Different Parts of Iris typhifolia

Abstract

Floral fragrance, as one of the evaluation indicators for ornamental plants, influences people’s perception of these plants. To explore the volatile compounds and their application value in different parts of Iris typhifolia and to investigate the contributions of each part to the floral aroma, an AIRSENSE electronic nose, principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and loading analysis (Loading) are employed to study the differences in floral components among the various parts. Samples from the stamen, pistil, flag petal, and pendant petal are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques, combined with spectral library retrieval, cluster analysis, and Odor Activity Value (OAV) calculation. The results show that the electronic nose significantly distinguished the aromas from different parts, and there are significant differences in aroma composition. Through cluster analysis and OAV calculation, it is found that the pistil makes the primary contribution to the floral profile of Iris typhifolia, due to the presence of caproaldehyde, 2-methoxy-3-sec-butylpyrazine, and abundant terpenes. This research provides a valuable reference for reconstructing the floral aroma profile, extracting bioactive substances, and exploring aromatherapy with Iris typhifolia.