Genome-Wide Identification of the Sweet Orange bZIP Gene Family and Analysis of Their Expression in Response to Infection by Penicillium digitatum

Author:

Han Peichen1,Yin Tuo1ORCID,Xi Dengxian2,Yang Xiuyao2,Zhang Mengjie2,Zhu Ling1,Zhang Hanyao2ORCID,Liu Xiaozhen1

Affiliation:

1. Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China

2. Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, National Forest and Glassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China

Abstract

(1) Background: The sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) is the most widely cultivated and productive citrus fruit in the world, with considerable economic value and good prospects for development. However, post-harvest storage and transport of the fruit are often affected by infestation by Penicillium species, leading to many losses. (2) Methods: In this study, the family of bZIP genes from the whole genome of sweet orange was identified and analyzed in detail in terms of gene structure, physicochemical properties, protein structure, conserved structural domains, chromosomal positioning, and promoter analysis using bioinformatic analysis, in addition to an analysis of the expression patterns of the fruit following Penicillium infection. (3) Results: In this study, 50 CsbZIP genes were identified from the sweet orange genome. In silico analysis showed that Cs_ont_3g005140 was presumably localized in the chloroplasts, while the rest of the family members were located in the nucleus. Phylogenetic trees of grape, apple, Arabidopsis, and sweet orange were constructed on the basis of evolutionary relationships and divided into 16 subfamilies. Conserved motif analysis showed that all CsbZIP family genes encode proteins containing the highly conserved Motif 1. Promoter prediction analysis showed the chromosomal positioning, and the covariance analysis showed that the 50 CsbZIPs were unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes, with 10 pairs of duplicated genes. In the analysis of expression patterns, 11 of the 50 CsbZIP genes were not expressed, 12 were upregulated, 27 were downregulated, and five of the upregulated genes were highly expressed. (4) Conclusions: In this study, two CsbZIP members were each closely related to two Arabidopsis thaliana genes associated with salt stress. The functions of the replicated and re-differentiated CsbZIP homologs (Cs_ont_1g027160 and Cs_ont_8g020880) divergee further, with one responding to inoculation by Penicillium and the other not doing so. Five genes associated with sweet orange in response to Penicillium infestation were initially screened (Cs_ont_3g000400, Cs_ont_3g003210, Cs_ont_5g007090, Cs_ont_5g011180, Cs_ont_8g020880). This study provides some theoretical basis for subsequent research into the response mechanism of sweet orange bZIP transcription factors under biotic stresses.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Horticulture,Plant Science

Reference56 articles.

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4. Moraes Bazioli, J., Belinato, J.R., Costa, J.H., Akiyama, D.Y., Pontes, J.G.M., Kupper, K.C., Augusto, F., de Carvalho, J.E., and Fill, T.P. (2019). Biological Control of Citrus Postharvest Phytopathogens. Toxins, 11.

5. Plant synthetic promoters and transcription factors;Liu;Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.,2016

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