Sustainability Indicators for the Environmental Impact Assessment of Plant Protection Products Use in Moroccan Vineyards

Author:

Aoujil Faiçal12ORCID,Litskas Vassilis3ORCID,Yahyaoui Hiba12ORCID,El Allaoui Nadia1,Benbouazza Abdellatif1,Aziz Aziz4ORCID,Hafidi Majida2ORCID,Habbadi Khaoula1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Phytobacteriolgy and Biological Control Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Meknes, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco

2. Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-Resources Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco

3. VL Sustainability Metrics Ltd., 2416 Lefkosia, Cyprus

4. Research Unit “Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection”, RIBP-USC INRAe 1488, University of ReimsChampagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France

Abstract

The Sebou River Basin is vital for Moroccan agriculture, particularly in terms of producing industrial crops, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil. It is especially significant in viticulture, accounting for 80% and 60% of the national production area for wine and table grapes, respectively. However, the prevalence of diseases and pests requires extensive pesticide application in vineyards. This study aims to assess the impact of pesticides used in vineyards on the environment, human health and their associated sustainability. Agro-environmental indicators were evaluated across 30 vineyards covering 1197 hectares. Results show an average treatment frequency of 24.05 applications per growing cycle, the highest among grape-producing countries, with 77.94% being fungicides. The Quantity of Active Substances Indicator (QASI) reveals a high pesticide application rate of 44.60 Kg a.i./ha. Over 50% of chemicals are classified as “hazardous” based on the Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ). A Pesticide Environmental Risk Indicator model (PERI) identifies three active ingredients with a high Environmental Risk Score (>5). Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) reveals that copper sulfate has significant environmental impacts compared to Mancozeb and sulfur. These findings highlight the extensive use of pesticides in vineyards, posing challenges to long-term sustainable agriculture due to associated environmental and health risks.

Funder

PRIMA-MiDiVine project 1564 coordinated by Aziz Aziz

European Union with co-funding by MESRSI (Morocco), RIF (Cyprus) and ANR

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference79 articles.

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3. (2023, November 30). FAOSTAT-Crops and Livestock Products. Available online: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL.

4. Grapevine pruning systems and cultivars influence the diversity of wood-colonizing fungi;Travadon;Fungal Ecol.,2016

5. Xylella fastidiosa: Cause of Pierce’s disease of grapevine and other emergent diseases;Hopkins;Plant Dis.,2002

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