Identification of S-RNase Genotypes of 65 Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] Germplasm Resources and Close Relatives

Author:

Xu Panyun123,Wang Lirong4,Wang Xinwei4,Xu Yeting123,Ablitip Yarmuhammat123,Guo Chunmiao123,Ayup Mubarek123

Affiliation:

1. Horticultural Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

2. Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Urumqi 830091, China

3. Xinjiang Fruit Tree Scientific Observation and Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qaghiliq 844900, China

4. Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China

Abstract

Self-incompatibility (SI) systems in plants prevent self-pollination and mating among relatives, enhancing genetic diversity in nature but posing challenges in almond production and breeding. S-allele composition alongside the flowering periods of these cultivars enables the anticipation of cross-compatibility and optimal cultivar combinations for the allocation of pollinating trees in production. In the current study, 65 materials containing 61 almond (Prunus dulcis) germplasm resources, of which two were hybrids and the remaining four were peach (Prunus persica) germplasms, were used for the S-RNase genotype. The results showed that 55 genomic samples were amplified by PCR to obtain double-banded types, which identified their complete S-RNase genotypes, while the rest of the samples amplified only a single band, identifying one S-RNase gene in the S gene. A total of 30 S-RNase genes were identified in Prunus dulcis, Prunus webbii, Prunus persica, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus salicina, and Prunus cerasifera. Sequence analysis revealed polymorphisms spanning from 313 to 2031 bp within the amplified fragment sequence. The S57-RNase gene exhibited the highest frequency at 31.75% among the identified materials, with S1S57, S10S57, and S7S57 being the predominant S genotypes. A new S-RNase gene, named S65, was identified with a sequencing length of 1483 bp. Its deduced amino acid sequence shared 98.24% similarity with the amino acid sequence of the S-RNase gene on GenBank, with the highest homology. Furthermore, according to the findings, 65 materials belong to eight S genotype cross-incompatibility groups (CIG) and one semi-compatibility or compatibility group (0). Among them, most of the seven main almond germplasm resources and 35 cultivars can be cross-pollinated. The results of the study can lay the foundation for pollinator tree allocation and breeding hybrid parent selection in almond production.

Funder

Youth Science and Technology Backbone Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Sponsored Programs

National Region Fund Science Project of China

Central Government Guide Local Science and Technology development special fund project “Characteristic Fruit Tree Germplasm Innovation and Breeding Capacity Enhancement”

Basic Research Business of Public Welfare Research Institutes in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference28 articles.

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