Plant Production and Leaf Anatomy of Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray: Comparison of In Vitro Culture Methods to Improve Acclimatization

Abstract

Mertensia maritima is a commercially interesting herb with edible leaves and flowers, characterized by oyster flavor and taste. Plant propagation and traditional cultivation are challenging for this species. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was to establish successful protocols aimed at ensuring oyster plant shoot propagation, rooting and in vivo acclimatization. Both micropropagation and rooting were tested, comparing the traditional in vitro solid substrate in jar vs. the liquid culture in a temporary immersion system (TIS) bioreactor (Plantform™). A Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium added with 4-μM thidiazuron (TDZ) and 1-μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was employed for micropropagation, while a half-strength MS medium supplemented with 4-μM indole−3-butyric acid (IBA) was used for rooting. Different acclimatization conditions in the greenhouse or in growth chamber were tested. Morphometric and microscopical analyses were performed on the oyster plant leaves at the propagation, rooting and acclimatization stages both in a jar and in a TIS. Micropropagation in a TIS allowed to obtain large shoots, while a great number of shoots was observed in the jar. M. maritima shoots rooted in TIS produced more developed roots, leaves with more developed waxy glands and well-formed stomata; moreover, the plants coming from the TIS showed the best acclimatization performances.