Agronomic Performance of Sweet Orange Genotypes under the Brazilian Humid Subtropical Climate

Abstract

The diversification of Citrus spp. orchards, for both scion and rootstock genotypes, is essential to prevent outbreaks of insects and diseases, improve yield and fruit quality, and extend harvesting and industrial juice processing. Furthermore, this enables growers to obtain higher off-season profits. Citrus plantings were prohibited in most regions of the state of Paraná in the past due to the spread of citrus canker disease. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of distinct early- and mid-season sweet orange cultivars (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck) regarding vegetative growth, fruit quality, and yield under the Brazilian humid subtropical climate in order to select new alternatives of sweet orange for the industrial and fresh fruit markets. The experimental orchard was planted in 2012 with 15 sweet orange cultivars (early-maturing: Bahia Cabula, Diva, Cadenera, Marrs, Midsweet, Paulista, Rubi, and Westin; mid-season maturing: Berna Peret, Jaffa, Khalily White, Fukuhara, Seleta do Rio, Seleta Tardia, and Shamouti) grafted on Rangpur lime (C. limonia (L.) Osbeck). The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates and five trees per plot, analyzed between each maturation group. Data were submitted to analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Regarding the early-season cultivars, Diva had the tallest trees with largest canopy diameter and volume, differing from Marrs, which had the smallest trees. Shamouti and Khalily White trees were greatly different from all other mid-season cultivars and produced low fruit load over the evaluated period. The early-season Midsweet scored the highest yield and technological index, similar to the mid-season Berna Peret, producing fruits of high juice quality. These genotypes are more effective under the current situation faced by the citrus industry, as the economic life of orchards has been reduced due huanglongbing (HLB). Altogether, Midsweet and Berna Peret genotypes, previously reported as being less susceptible to citrus canker under the same soil–climate condition, are precocious and exhibit higher agronomic potential to be planted in humid subtropical climates, including Brazil and other similar areas around the world.