Abstract
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV), where people, fleets of electric vehicles (EVs), utility, power grids, distributed renewable energy, and communications and computing infrastructures are connected, has emerged as the next big leap in smart grids and city sectors for a sustainable society. Meanwhile, decentralized and complex grid edge faces many challenges for planning, operation, and management of power systems. Therefore, providing a reliable communications infrastructure is vital. The fourth industrial revolution, that is, a cyber-physical system in conjunction with the Internet of Things (IoT) and coexistence of edge (fog) and cloud computing brings new ways of dealing with such challenges and helps maximize the benefits of power grids. From this perspective, as a use case of IoV, we present a cloud-based EV charging framework to tackle issues of high demand in charging stations during peak hours. A price incentive scheme and another scheme, electricity supply expansion, are presented and compared with the baseline. The results demonstrate that the proposed hierarchical models improve the system performance and the quality of service (QoS) for EV customers. The proposed methods can efficiently assist system operators in managing the system design and grid stability. Further, to shed light on emerging technologies for smart and connected EVs, we elaborate on seven major trends: decentralized energy trading based on blockchain and distributed ledger technology, behavioral science and behavioral economics, artificial and computational intelligence and its applications, digital twins of IoV, software-defined IoVs, and intelligent EV charging with information-centric networking, and parking lot microgrids and EV-based virtual storage. We have also discussed some of the potential research issues in IoV to further study IoV. The integration of communications, modern power system management, EV control management, and computing technologies for IoV are crucial for grid stability and large-scale EV charging networks.
Subject
Energy (miscellaneous),Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Control and Optimization,Engineering (miscellaneous),Building and Construction
Reference92 articles.
1. International Energy Agency (2017). Global EV Outlook 2017, International Energy Agency.
2. World Economic Forum (2022, February 16). The Number of Cars Worldwide Is Set to Double by 2040. Available online: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/04/the-number-of-cars-worldwide-is-set-to-double-by-2040.
3. Gerla, M., Lee, E.K., Pau, G., and Lee, U. (2014, January 6–8). Internet of vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular clouds. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Seoul, Korea.
4. Duvall, M. (2011). Transportation Electrification: A Technology Overview, EPRI.
5. Graham, R.L., Francis, J., and Bogacz, R.J. (2017). Challenges and Opportunities of Grid Modernization and Electric Transportation, Technical Report.
Cited by
24 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献