Mechanisms of Component Degradation and Multi-Scale Strategies for Predicting Composite Durability: Present and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Composite materials, valued for their adaptability, face challenges associated with degradation over time. Characterising their durability through traditional experimental methods has shown limitations, highlighting the need for accelerated testing and computational modelling to reduce time and costs. This study presents an overview of the current landscape and future prospects of multi-scale modelling for predicting the long-term durability of composite materials under different environmental conditions. These models offer detailed insights into complex degradation phenomena, including hydrolytic, thermo-oxidative, and mechano-chemical processes. Recent research trends indicate a focus on hygromechanical models across various materials, with future directions aiming to explore less-studied environmental factors, integrate multiple stressors, investigate emerging materials, and advance computational techniques for improved predictive capabilities. The importance of the synergistic relationship between experimental testing and modelling is emphasised as essential for a comprehensive understanding of composite material behaviour in diverse environments. Ultimately, multi-scale modelling is seen as a vital contributor to accurate predictions of environmental effects on composite materials, offering valuable insights for sustainable development across industries.