Individuals with Tinnitus Report More Positive Experiences following Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Author:

Manchaiah Vinaya12345ORCID,Beukes Eldré W.36ORCID,Andersson Gerhard78,Bateman Emily1ORCID,Swanepoel De Wet134ORCID,Uhler Kristin910ORCID,Vinay 11

Affiliation:

1. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA

2. UCHealth Hearing and Balance, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO 80045, USA

3. Virtual Hearing Lab, Collaborative Initiative between University of Colorado School of Medicine and University of Pretoria, Aurora, CO 80045, USA

4. Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

5. Department of Speech and Hearing, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India

6. Vision and Hearing Sciences Research Group, School of Psychology and Sports Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK

7. Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 582 25 Linköping, Sweden

8. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden

9. Department of Audiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA

10. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA

11. Audiology Group, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to examine whether individuals with chronic tinnitus report more positive experiences following internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Methods: A mixed-methods design was used, nested in clinical trials evaluating internet interventions for tinnitus. Participants (n = 164) completed online questionnaires (both structured and open-ended) providing demographic information as well as health variables (e.g., tinnitus distress, anxiety, depression, insomnia). An open-ended question listing positive effects or outcomes related to having tinnitus was also included. Responses to the open-ended questions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Of the 164 eligible participants, 32.3% (n = 53) provided at least 1 positive experience both at pre- and post-intervention, with 9.1% (n = 19) providing positive experiences only at pre-intervention, 49 (29.9%) providing positive experiences only at post-intervention, and 28.7% (n = 47) of the participants did not provide any positive experiences on either measurement occasion. Significantly more positive experiences were reported following the intervention in the overall sample (p < 0.0001, paired sample t-test). In addition, participants who reported positive experiences in both pre- and post-intervention also reported more positive experiences following intervention (p = 0.008, paired sample t-test). Conclusions: Internet-based CBT can help individuals with tinnitus to think more positively by changing unhelpful thought patterns. Open-ended questions can supplement structured questionnaires to measure treatment outcomes.

Funder

National Institute on Deafness and Communication Disorders (NIDCD) of the National Institute of Health

Publisher

MDPI AG

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