Seborrheic Keratosis Caused by Human Papillomavirus Type 20 Ameliorated by Zinc Oxide Ointment

Abstract

A 91-year-old woman visited our department with scattered small nodule lesions and multiple pules or plaques with a stuck-on appearance. The lesions were intractable and resistant to several treatments. Immunodeficiency was excluded by examinations including a CT scan, white blood cell (WBC) counts, natural killer and neutrophil function assays, and IgG titers against human papillomavirus (HPV) 20. HPV20 was identified using the PCR method. The finding of the skin biopsy showed an irritated type of feature of seborrheic keratosis. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining of the lesion revealed that both TNF-α and IFN-ɤ were produced at the skin lesions. The patient‘s serum zinc level was slightly low. We noticed that zinc deficiency has been reported to decrease the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells, which play an important role in eliminating virus-infected cells and tumor cells. Finally, zinc oxide ointment was found to improve the lesions dramatically. HPV20 causes tumors only in immunodeficient patients or in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). In EV, EVER1- or EVER2-encoding membrane proteins, of which are related to zinc transport protein-1 expressed on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, were mutated, leading to increased susceptibility to various viral and bacterial infections due to the decreased intracellular zinc concentration. We speculated that the reduction in local zinc concentration was ameliorated by using zinc oxide ointment, resulting in the recovery from HPV20 infection.