The Precision, Inter-Rater Reliability, and Accuracy of a Handheld Scanner Equipped with a Light Detection and Ranging Sensor in Measuring Parts of the Body—A Preliminary Validation Study-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

The Precision, Inter-Rater Reliability, and Accuracy of a Handheld Scanner Equipped with a Light Detection and Ranging Sensor in Measuring Parts of the Body—A Preliminary Validation Study

Published:2024-01-13 Issue:2 Volume:24 Page:500
ISSN:1424-8220
Container-title:Sensors
language:en
Short-container-title:Sensors

Author:

Callegari Enrica¹^ORCID,Agnolucci Jacopo¹,Angiola Francesco¹,Fais Paolo²^ORCID,Giorgetti Arianna²^ORCID,Giraudo Chiara³^ORCID,Viel Guido¹^ORCID,Cecchetto Giovanni¹

Affiliation:

1. Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy

2. Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy

3. Unit of Radiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100 Padova, Italy

Abstract

Background: Anthropometric measurements play a crucial role in medico-legal practices. Actually, several scanning technologies are employed in post-mortem investigations for forensic anthropological measurements. This study aims to evaluate the precision, inter-rater reliability, and accuracy of a handheld scanner in measuring various body parts. Methods: Three independent raters measured seven longitudinal distances using an iPad Pro equipped with a LiDAR sensor and specific software. These measurements were statistically compared to manual measurements conducted by an operator using a laser level and a meterstick (considered the gold standard). Results: The Friedman test revealed minimal intra-rater variability in digital measurements. Inter-rater variability analysis yielded an ICC = 1, signifying high agreement among the three independent raters. Additionally, the accuracy of digital measurements displayed errors below 1.5%. Conclusions: Preliminary findings demonstrate that the pairing of LiDAR technology with the Polycam app (ver. 3.2.11) and subsequent digital measurements with the MeshLab software (ver. 2022.02) exhibits high precision, inter-rater agreement, and accuracy. Handheld scanners show potential in forensic anthropology due to their simplicity, affordability, and portability. However, further validation studies under real-world conditions are essential to establish the reliability and effectiveness of handheld scanners in medico-legal settings.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Biochemistry,Instrumentation,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics,Analytical Chemistry

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/500/pdf

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